Feliciana Ramírez and Maruch Méndez

Women of clay

The exhibition ‘Women of Clay’ is an exploration of the work of two women with many years of experience in the production of the culture of their communities. Today, these two Chiapanecan artists share with us their pottery figures, infused with the ancestral Maya tradition. Feliciana Ramírez Díaz (Amatenango del Valle) and Maruch Méndez Pérez (San Juan Chamula) accepted the invitation from the Galería MUY to interpret their traditions in a free and expressive manner through the material of the earth, each from her own perspective.

Feliciana Ramírez has shaped pieces that honor nature and the mythical relationship of interconnection between humans and the earth. Doña Feliciana is the matriarch of one of the most recognized and awarded families for their craftsmanship in the town of Amatenango.

The tradition of this Tseltal town dates back to ancient and even mythical times. The potters from this municipality, known for its famous white clay, have supplied many communities in the Highlands of Chiapas with water containers, griddles, dishes, pots, and other useful objects, taking it as their responsibility and the main service of Amatenango to other indigenous peoples. In the artistic work of teacher Feliciana, exhibited for the first time at the Galería MUY, we can appreciate the ancestral continuity of making objects. But in some way, these pieces represent a rupture: from the domestic-use pot, it transforms into the marvelous craft of Amatenango’s jaguars, and now, it turns the material into unique artistic pieces, as imagination takes flight and creates human figures, mixed with their nahuales, organic and almost abstract forms, which simultaneously symbolize narratives of profound cultural significance.

Even though Feliciana Ramírez executes this figurative artistic liberation, she chooses to maintain a utilitarian-poetic element: most of the pieces serve as candlesticks. These candles, in addition to illuminating the room, highlight the mystery and beauty of the pieces, integrating them as a fundamental part of them. They are ‘living works’ produced by the artist’s hand and spirit.

Maruch Méndez Pérez (K’atixtik, Chamula; 1957) is a natural artist, as her ideas arise from her soul and Tsotsil-Maya culture. In her youth, she spent six years living in the forest – ‘my school,’ she says – and then assumed the role of a mother-provider for four sons and two daughters. She was called as a j’ilol (healer) and later as a religious authority. Her art recreates her self-sufficient way of life in all aspects. Her knowledge of mythical, legendary, and historical wisdom has gone beyond her town in the form of prayer-songs thanks to her participation in the Leñateros Workshop and her manual creativity in everything she touches, whether it’s wool thread, handmade paper, decorated crosses, the fire of the comal, or clay. She has been invited to perform in Mexico City; San Antonio, Texas; and Paris, France. In 2002, Maruch Méndez revived the old and almost extinct Chamula tradition of molding domestic objects from clay, baked in a wood stove, to transform the earth into figures that reflect the imagination of her ancestors and her own life. Since then, she has perfected a personalized style of great simplicity and depth. She does not call herself an ‘artist’ to this day; art emanates from her gestures, her laughter, her storytelling, her plastic creation, and fundamentally in the creation of her artistic installations.

Maruch Méndez revived the old and almost extinct Chamula tradition of molding domestic objects from clay, baked in a wood stove, to transform the earth into figures that reflect the imagination of her ancestors and her own life. Unlike the ceramic dolls dressed in used clothing that are commonly sold on the streets of San Cristóbal, the teacher chose to enlarge the figures and reproduce them in quantities that, when placed in dialogue with the elements of nature from the Chamula territory, impact and transport us to another world, in which Maruch is the guide.

artwork

Xanaviletik (Walkers) | Maruch Méndez

art installation
2015

For her current exhibition, Maruch Méndez (Chamula, 1957) has been inspired by two stories featuring unforgettable characters from Chamula tradition. She created two installations that incorporate: sculptures made from pottery, earth, stones, tree trunks, bricks, and moss with various flora. Additionally, her installations include videos authored by videographer Humberto Gómez Pérez (San Andrés, 1988).

A jaguar woman with a child | Feliciana Ramírez

Clay sculpture; it consists of two pieces
2015

“The jaguar woman saw a child and hugged him because she is a sacred jaguar woman, because she liked him very much. There is no need to be afraid, because the jaguar woman loves people a lot. Her mouth is open because she is happy, she is smiling.”

Jme’etik Xpak’inté | Maruch Méndez

Terracotta
2015

“The methodology for creating the figures: Maruch uses clay from three localities in Chamula, known for their high-quality earth (as people used this earth to make pots, griddles, and other household items). These are sacred places. Méndez dug up the earth and brought it to her house, where she ground it and shaped it into the figures, creating the special expressions on each face, and finally, she fired them with charcoal from trees partially burned by the creator’s brother.”

Woman of the corn cobs | Feliciana Ramírez

Sculpture of fired and polished clay
2015

“When I was a little girl, there used to be a very beautiful cornfield, but now only a few people plant. We used to husk the corn. Back then, the plants were very tall; there were three or four ears of corn per plant. There were no liquids or fertilizers, just a hoe. You gather the soil, and when the cornfield starts to flower, it grows very tall. Now it doesn’t yield well, the corn is small. The liquid burns the soil. In the past, they used to plant beans, and it yielded a lot, but now it doesn’t. The beans grow, but with little worms. The corn and beans are very original. Asking God to give a lot of corn: that’s why there is a place for the candle.”

The three girls | Maruch Méndez

Installation
2018

“Maruch Méndez uses stones with spiritual meanings in her installations that she has collected over the years. Viewing the installation Oxib Tsebetik (Three Girls), on the left-hand side is the limestone of sMixik Balamil (Navel of the World), which Maruch rescued from the center of the world, meaning from a cave they descended into for nine hours to find the pieces. The stone between the mother and father of the girls is San Simón, which the teacher Maruch discovered on the same trip.”

The woman embraces her work in the shape of a jaguar | Feliciana Ramírez

Clay sculpture in one piece
2015

“The jaguar has its fur, and the woman is dressed. She wants to sell her jaguar soon.”

“I made the feet almost with claws, in the mud. The foot knows where it’s going. With sandals, the feet are different.”

Woman | Maruch Méndez

Terracotta
2015

“One day, there was a man who walked through the forest as he usually did, leaving his wife at home. Suddenly, he hears a woman’s voice in the forest. As he gets closer, he sees a woman on the path. He thought he saw his wife. As he walked closer, he heard the call and, feeling confident, he continued walking. He walked deeper into the forest, eventually getting lost, unaware that he was lost in the forest, by the xPakinté.

His wife was worried. Days passed, and her husband did not return home. She went out to search for him in all the possible places she could find him. Seeing that they could not find him, they went to two wise men to ask for prayers and candles to help find her husband in the forest, caves, and mountains. When they called his name, he responded, “Over here, under these branches.” And every time they called, he answered the same. By the end of the day, they had not found him. On their way home, with the anguish of almost having found him, three days later, the man escapes from the xPakinté and returns home to his wife to explain how he got lost. He tells her that, on the path, he saw her calling him to follow her into the forest. When he reached the cave of Xpakinté, they offered him chicken broth, which tasted like river snake soup (chij chon), the next day a turkey, then a crocodile (ik’al nab chon), and he stayed with her. After telling her what happened and how they treated him at the xPakinté, three days after being home with his wife, the man died.”

(Old story told to Maruch Méndez, and translated by Pablo Vázquez Moshan, in 2015.)

Figure with serpent tree | Feliciana Ramírez

Pottery
2015

It was inspired by a sculpture by the artist Juan Chawuk of a “Pakal,” the historic king of Palenque. The artist Feliciana imagined, around the Pakal, a woman with a pot and a snail eating a mushroom. I went into the hills to gather firewood, looked up, and saw two snakes. The chijil chan doesn’t bite. I made it on the shoulders of the man. He has aires, which need to be cured.

Xpak'inte' (Mist Woman) | Maruch Méndez

Terracotta
2015

One day, a man was walking in the forest as he usually did, having left his wife at home, when suddenly he heard a woman’s voice in the woods. As he got closer, he saw a woman on the path. She looked like his wife. As he approached, he heard her calling him, and feeling safe, he followed. He walked into the forest until he unknowingly got lost, taken by the xpak’inte’.

His wife grew worried. Days passed and her husband did not return home. She went out to search for him in all the places where he could possibly be. When she couldn’t find him, she turned to two wise elders to request help—candles, prayers—so they could search for him in the forest, in caves, and in the mountains. When they called out his name, a voice answered: “Over here, under these branches.” And each time they called, he would reply the same. But by the end of the day, they couldn’t find him. They returned home with the anguish of having been so close.

Three days later, the man escaped from the xpak’inte’ and returned home to his wife. He explained how he had been taken and lost, and told her what happened along the way. He said that on the path, he thought he saw her—his wife—calling to him to follow her into the forest. When he arrived at the xpak’inte’ cave, they offered him chicken soup that tasted like river snake stew (chij chon). The next day, they gave him turkey, but it was actually crocodile (ik’al nab chon). And so, he stayed with her.

Once he finished telling what had happened and what they had done to him in the xpak’inte’, three days after being home with his wife… the man died.

(An old story told to Maruch Méndez and translated by Pablo Vázquez Moshan, 2015.)

Mother of the Earth | Feliciana Ramírez

Clay sculpture, multi-piece, of a child and corn cobs
2018

Mother of the Earth, the Heart of Corn. Before Eve, as told in the Bible, she had not heard the word of God. She did not obey. The baby embraced by the Mother of the Earth is held close to her chest.
She bore her children, and to this day, the earth has taken them back.
I made the candleholder to give light to the Mother of the Earth.

Three Girls | Maruch Méndez

Terracotta
2015

Long ago, it was said that there were three girls in a place called Tierra Roja (Tsajal Lumaltik), where there was a stone on the mountain. The girls would go there every day to herd their sheep. They would sit on the stones, the three of them, and sometimes they played there in the same spot.

One day, feeling bored, they decided to do something different—something other than just sitting around. They agreed that each of them would plant something on top of the stone. The eldest planted a tree, the middle one a palm, and the youngest planted a stone. When they finished planting, they left.

Three days later, they returned to the place. What they had planted had grown—it was now big and strong. The three girls were very happy that none of what they planted had been lost. Shortly after admiring their plantings, they heard a voice coming from a nearby water well in the forest. The voice warned them to be careful.

But the girls didn’t listen. Instead, they replied: Uuy uy uuuy, Uncle Coyote, uuuy, Uncle Rabbit, to the well! At that moment, the girls turned to stone for not heeding the warning from the well. The coyote ate their sheep. Today, the place is sacred. Everything the girls planted has become a paradise, a place that is venerated and respected.

(An old story told by Maruch Méndez, translated by Pablo Vázquez Moshan.)

Two Pots in the Making | Feliciana Ramírez

Clay Pots
2019

“They represent my people because everyone in my town works, and our hands work. I am part of a group with my children; we all work. It is the power of women.”

Pukuj (Devil) | Maruch Méndez

Terracotta
2015

“The Devil walked on the earth, searching for his food (people he encountered on the way).”